SIM11 · 约束理论 / Herbie 童子军行军SIM11 · Theory of Constraints / Herbie's scout march
走得最慢的孩子，决定整队什么时候到营地The slowest scout decides when the whole troop reaches camp
六个人必须保持纵队、不能超车。快的人走在前面时，Herbie 的红色大背包把整队越拉越长；把他调到排头只能收短队形，只有为他减负，整队才会真正提速。盯住空中的队伍长度标尺：它就是这条“行军产线”的在制品。Six scouts must stay in sequence with no passing. When the fast scouts lead, Herbie's oversized red pack stretches the troop into a long queue. Moving him to the front only shortens that queue; lightening his load is what improves throughput. The floating troop-length gauge is the march's WIP.
🎬 盯住红背包与空中标尺：谁在决定整队速度？🎬 Follow the red pack and the floating gauge: who sets the troop's pace?
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Herbie · 约束Herbie · constraint其他童子军Other scouts队伍长度=首尾距离Troop length = head-to-tail
💡 跑完看数据：调顺序收在制品，帮约束才提产出💡 Run it, then read the numbers: resequencing cuts WIP; helping the constraint lifts throughput
三种模式均由同一固定步长模型的 stats() 计算All three modes come from the same fixed-step model stats()| 模式Mode | 全队到达Full arrival | 最大拉长Maximum spread |
|---|---|---|
| A · 快者在前A · Fast scouts lead | — | — |
| B · Herbie 排头B · Herbie leads | — | — |
| C · Herbie 减负C · Lighten Herbie's load | — | — |
模型约束：后一个人的位置始终不超过前一个人减 1 m。调换顺序不改变最慢速度；减轻红背包，才改变约束的速度。Model constraint: every scout stays at least 1 m behind the scout ahead. Resequencing does not change the slowest speed; unloading the red pack changes the constraint itself.
🎯 约束规则🎯 Constraint rule
非约束再快，只会把队伍拉长；全队提速，要从 Herbie 身上动手。Making non-constraints faster only stretches the queue. Improve the troop by improving Herbie.
⚠ 常见误区⚠ Common mistakes
✗ 催前面的人走快点✗ Push the scouts in front to go faster
✓ 只会把队伍越拉越长，增加在制品。✓ That only stretches the queue and adds WIP.
✗ 把 Herbie 换到最后✗ Move Herbie to the back
✓ 他照样决定到达时间，问题没解决，只是眼不见。✓ He still sets the arrival time. The constraint is merely out of sight.