SIM02 · 起源 / 瓶颈决定节奏SIM02 · Origin / The constraint sets the pace
每个工位都很忙，为什么产量还是上不去？Every station is busy — why isn't output going up?
年，高德拉特与杰夫·考克斯在《目标》中让厂长 Alex 从童子军徒步看懂 Herbie：队伍的速度由最慢者决定。回到工厂，这个约束成为“鼓”；约束前保留受控缓冲，投料口再用“绳”跟着鼓放料。下面五个工位只有第 3 站需要 16 秒，其余都只需 6 秒。 In , Eliyahu Goldratt and Jeff Cox used Alex's scout hike in The Goal to reveal Herbie: the slowest member sets the troop's speed. Back in the plant, that constraint becomes the drum; a controlled buffer protects it, and a rope ties material release to its beat. Below, station 3 needs 16 seconds while every other station needs only 6.
🎬 同一条产线，两种投料方式🎬 One line, two ways to release material
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绿 <1 节拍Green <1 takt
琥珀 <3Amber <3
红 ≥3Red ≥3
💡 跑完看数据：瓶颈不变，产量就不变💡 Run it: same bottleneck, same output — the rest is waiting
90 秒后由两组 stats() 自动填充Auto-filled from both stats() snapshots after 90 seconds| 指标Metric | 绳开 · DBRRope on · DBR | 绳关 · 推动Rope off · Push |
|---|---|---|
| 90 秒产出Output at 90 sec | — | — |
| 当前 WIPCurrent WIP | — | — |
| 平均生产周期Average cycle time per piece | — | — |
| 瓶颈前最大堆积Biggest pile-up before the bottleneck | — | — |
读数方法：两种模式的工位能力完全相同；推动式多放的料不会穿过 16 秒的鼓，只会变成等待、WIP 与更长的 lead time。How to read it: Both modes have identical station capacity. Extra push releases cannot pass the 16-second drum; they become waiting, WIP, and longer lead time.
🎯 一句话🎯 In one line
整条线的产量，由最慢的工序说了算。The slowest operation sets the whole line's output.
⚠ 常见误区⚠ Common mistakes
✗ 每个工位都排满，局部效率才高✗ Load every station to 100% for local efficiency
✓ 投料节奏跟着瓶颈走，其他工位不用抢着多干。✓ Pace release to the bottleneck; the other stations do not need to race ahead.
✗ 缓冲越大越保险✗ A bigger buffer is always safer
✓ 缓冲设上限：够保护瓶颈就行，不是拿来囤库存。✓ Cap the buffer: enough to protect the bottleneck, not a place to store inventory.
✗ 绳只是把投料节拍调快调慢✗ The rope is just a faster or slower release timer
✓ 绳盯着瓶颈前的缓冲放料：满了就停，消耗了再投。✓ The rope releases against the bottleneck buffer: stop when it is full, release as it is consumed.